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[Objective] Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target, the low-carbon transformation of the energy and power industry urgently needs a unified and standardized carbon emission and carbon footprint accounting system. The research on the carbon footprint of the power generation side and the transmission and distribution side at the provincial level needs more detailed case support. [Methods] Taking Anhui as a typical case, this paper systematically reviews the current research on the carbon footprint of six types of power generation—coal, gas, hydro, wind, photovoltaic, and biomass—as well as the transmission and distribution process. It delves into the characteristics of carbon emissions at different stages and key influencing factors, and constructs methods for calculating carbon emissions and carbon footprint factors over the entire life cycle(equipment acquisition, engineering construction, operation and maintenance, decommissioning and disposal). [Results] The results indicate that the carbon footprint factors for non-fossil energy generation are significantly lower than those for fossil energy, with hydropower(0.014 3 kgCO_2e/(kW·h)) and wind power(0.033 6 kgCO_2e/(kW·h)) having the lowest carbon footprint factors. The distribution of carbon emissions across different stages varies significantly by generation type, with coal power's operational phase accounting for more than 80% of emissions, while photovoltaic power is concentrated in the equipment acquisition phase(with the silicon material stage accounting for over 80%). The Anhui thermal power plant case shows that its full life cycle carbon footprint factor is 0.811 8 kgCO_2e/(kW·h), lower than the national coal power average in 2023, with the operation and maintenance phase accounting for as much as 98.30% of emissions, and fuel transport mainly by rail, significantly reducing emissions from the transportation phase. The case of Anhui's transmission and distribution carbon footprint shows that its full life cycle carbon footprint factor(including line losses) is 0.024 9 kgCO_2e/(kW·h). The structure of carbon emissions exhibits significant 'line loss sensitivity': without considering line losses, the equipment acquisition and construction phases are dominant; however, when line losses are included, the proportion of the operation and maintenance phase surges to over 84%, indicating that reducing line losses is the core path for the lowcarbon transformation of the transmission and distribution system. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical support and methodological reference for precise carbon footprint calculation in the power system and the coordinated development of the electricity and carbon markets.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.04.014
China Classification Code:X322;F426.61
Citation Information:
[1]MA Dawei,KONG Ming,SU Yang ,et al.Calculation methods and case studies of carbon footprint factors for power generation and transmission and distribution in Anhui Province[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2026,42(04):654-669.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.04.014.
Fund Information:
安徽省电力碳足迹核算方法研究及示范应用项目（B6120525000K）
2026-08-15
2026-08-15