Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

【目的】准确监测烟气汞排放浓度是推进燃煤电厂汞污染防治工作的核心环节。近年来中国现行监测方法存在的技术瓶 颈日益凸显，成为制约燃煤电厂汞污染防治技术发展的关键因素。为加快构建中国烟气汞排放监测技术体系，【方法】基于公 开文献、标准规范和多年技术实践经验，本文系统梳理了国内外燃煤电厂汞排放监测方法的发展现状、优势及不足，据此揭示了中国监测方法现存问题并提出优化路径。【结果】研究表明，在线监测法虽具备实时连续检测、快速精准分析的优势，但存在成本高昂、故障率高、溯源困难等缺陷，发达国家相关技术成熟度相对较高，而中国相关技术研究起步较晚且目前陷入停滞；手 工监测法方面，国内外均已建立相应标准体系，其中美国通过湿化学法和固体吸附剂法的有机结合，实现了总汞与形态汞的较 精准检测，相较之下，中国现行方法在汞形态捕集完整性、烟气条件适应性、采样规范完备性、检测结果准确性等方面存在显著 不足，难以满足汞污染治理及汞环保税征管的技术支撑需求。【结论】建议着力从推进低成本高精度汞在线监测技术研发应用、 系统改进现有手工监测法技术短板和加快健全监测标准体系等方面进行重点突破，全面提升中国燃煤电厂的汞排放监测技术水平。

[Objective] Accurate monitoring of mercury emission concentration is the key to promoting prevention and control of mercury pollution from coal-fired power plants. In recent years, the technical bottlenecks of the existing monitoring methods in China have become more and more prominent, and have become the key factors restricting the development of mercury pollution prevention and control technology in coal-fired power plants. In order to speed up the construction of China's flue gas mercury emission monitoring technology system, [Methods] based on the open literature, standards and specifications, and years of technical experience, this paper systematically sorted out the current situation and advantages and disadvantages of the development of domestic and international mercury emission monitoring methods for coal-fired power plants, which reveals the existing problems of China's monitoring methods and puts forward the optimization path. [Results] The study shows that although the online monitoring method has the advantages of real-time continuous, fast and accurate, there are defects such as high cost, high failure rate and difficult traceability, and the maturity of the technology in developed countries is relatively high, while China's related technology research started late and is now at a standstill;as for the manual monitoring method, the corresponding standard system has been set up at home and abroad, among which the United States has realized a more accurate mercury emission monitoring of total mercury and speciation mercury through the organic combination of the wet chemical method and the solid adsorbent method. In contrast, the current methods in China have significant deficiencies in the integrity of mercury speciation capture, adaptability to flue gas conditions, completeness of sampling specifications, accuracy of detection results, etc., which are difficult to meet the technical support needs of mercury pollution control and mercury environmental protection tax collection and management. [Conclusion] Based on this, it is recommended to focus on breakthroughs in terms of promoting the research, development and application of low-cost and high-precision mercury online monitoring technology, systematically improving the technical shortcomings of the existing manual monitoring method, and accelerating the improvement of the monitoring standard system, so as to comprehensively improve the technical level of mercury emission monitoring of China's coal-fired power plants.