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【目的】针对锂电池高倍率放电产热问题，设计一种基于液态金属冷却的高效液冷方案，并通过多目标优化提升散热性能与系统稳定性。【方法】采用镓基液态金属作为冷却剂，设计单入口双出口液冷回路；利用Fluent软件进行数值模拟，分析冷却剂流速、管道高度、分支递增宽度及倾角对散热性能的影响；结合正交实验法筛选关键参数，并基于NSGA-II多目标遗传算法优化参数组合。【结果】优化后最优参数组合为冷却剂流速0.42 m/s、分支递增宽度0.13 mm、倾角87.38°、管道高度5.76 mm，系统最大温度312.66 K，温差11.66 K，压降0.712 kPa。与初始方案相比，最大温度降低0.53%，温差降低8.04%，压降略有增加。【结论】液态金属冷却显著提升散热效率，流速与管道高度对温度控制影响最大；NSGA-II算法可实现散热性能与压降的均衡优化，为高倍率电池热管理提供有效解决方案。
Abstract：[Objective] To address the heat generation issue of lithium batteries under high-rate discharge, a liquidcooling scheme based on liquid metal was designed, aiming to enhance thermal performance and system stabilitythrough multi-objective optimization.[Methods] A single-inlet double-outlet cooling loop using gallium-based liquid metalwas proposed. Numerical simulations via Fluent were conducted to analyze the effects of coolant velocity, channelheight, branch width increment, and inclination angle on thermal performance. Orthogonal experiments and the NSGA-IImulti-objective genetic algorithm were employed for parameter screening and optimization. [Results]The optimalparameters were determined as coolant velocity 0.42 m/s, branch width increment 0.13 mm, inclination angle 87.38°,and channel height 5.76 mm. The optimized system achieved a maximum temperature of 312.66 K, temperaturedifference of 11.66 K, and pressure drop of 0.712 kPa. Compared to the initial design, the maximum temperature andtemperature difference decreased by 0.53% and 8.04%, respectively, with a slight increase in pressure drop.[Conclusion] Liquid metal cooling significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, with velocity and channel heightbeing dominant factors. The NSGA-II algorithm effectively balances thermal performance and pressure drop, offering apractical solution for high-rate battery thermal management..
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.02.004
China Classification Code:TM912
Citation Information:
[1]杨利伟,马凯伦,周小明.基于液态金属冷却的电池液冷方案设计及参数多目标优化[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(02):206-216.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.02.004.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金项目(12372261); 国家能源集团科技项目(DY2023FK078); 中国科学院微重力重点实验室课题(NML202305)